Understanding Psychology

Self control and self transformation: If a person know about self control or self transformation it's means he/she is about to complete his/her journey to become a mature and strong person. When a person starts to feel that a little strength has started coming inside, the heart  started to tolerate with all issues. Instead of getting cold hands and feet on every new situation, he/she has started listening with a cold heart and ignoring every negative thing and clinging to positive vibes, silently saying goodbye to those who leave and welcoming those who come with a smile. The unsteadiness of our steps are now turning into maturity  and ready to surprise the world.  Sometimes we get very angry ,even the slightest thing would hurt our ego than we should started to restrain ourselfand try to stop giving immediate response to any action.    It isn't easy at all, but it is helpful to make life easier. If the burning coals are not blown, they will self-extinguish b...

  Behaviorism : Influencial period:.                  1913- present Contributors:   John B Watson Ivon Pavlov B F Skinner Subject matter: Effect of environment on the overt behavior of human and animals. Basic premises: Only observable events(stimulus response relations) can b studied scientifically. They emphasizing the importance of the environment over heredity,the behaviorists began to explore stimulus response relationship, often using laboratory animal as subject. The influence of behaviorism boosted greatly by B F Skinner.He asserted that psychology should study only observable behavior. Working with laboratory rats and pigeons , Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive consequences and not to repeat responses that lead to negative and neutral consequences. Based on the belief that  behavior is fully governd by external stimuli, Skinner argued in Beyond Freedom and Dignity  ...

  Functionalism was based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than it's structure. The emergence of functionalism was the work of William James (1842-1910),a brilliant American Scholar. James formal training was in medicine ,but he didn't find medicine to be intellectually challenging.So in 1872 ,he joined the faculty of Harward University to persue in academia. James landmark book " Principle of psychology"  became a standard reading for generation of psychologists. .......................    فنکشنل ازم اس عقیدے پر مبنی تھا کہ نفسیات کو شعور کی ساخت کے بجائے اس کے کام یا مقصد کی چھان بین  کرنی چاہیے  فنکشنل ازم کا ظہور ایک شاندار امریکی اسکالر ولیم جیمز (1842-1910) کا کام تھا۔  جیمز فورمل کی تربیت طب میں تھی، لیکن اسے علمی طور پر چیلنج کرنے والی دوا نہیں لگتی تھی۔ چنانچہ 1872 میں، اس نے ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی کی فیکلٹی میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے لیے شمولیت اختیار کی۔  جیمز کی تاریخی کتاب "نفسیا...

Structuralism was based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related. It emerged through the leadership of Edward Titchner  an Englishman who migrated to the US in1892. He taught for decades at Carnel University. He earned his degree in Wundt Leipzig Laboratory. He brought his own version of Wundt psychology in America. Structuralists want to identify and examine the fundamental components of conscious experience such as sensation, feelings, perception of vision, hearing and touch. They depended on  introspection ( the careful, systematic self observation of one's own conscious experience). Introspection required training to make the subject more objective and aware. ......................................   ساختیات اس تصور پر مبنی تھی کہ نفسیات کا کام شعور کو اس کے بنیادی عناصر میں تجزیہ کرنا اور اس بات کی تحقیق کرنا ہے کہ ان عناصر کا تعلق کیسے ہے۔  یہ ایک انگریز ایڈورڈ ...

  A school of thought or intellectual tradition,is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristic of opinion or outlook of a philosophy discipline,belief, social movement, economics, cultural movements or art movement. Major School of thoughts in psychology Structuralism Functionalism Behaviorism Gestalt psychology Cognitive psychology Psychoanalysis Humanism Eclectic approach  .....,.............................. Translation  ایک مکتبہ فکر یا فکری روایت، لوگوں کے ایک گروپ کا نقطہ نظر ہے جو فلسفہ کے نظم و ضبط، عقیدہ، سماجی تحریک، معاشیات، ثقافتی تحریکوں یا آرٹ کی تحریک کے بارے میں رائے یا نقطہ نظر کی مشترکہ خصوصیت کا اشتراک کرتے ہیں۔  نفسیات میں خیالات کا بڑا اسکول  ساختیات  فنکشنلزم  برتاؤ  جیسٹالٹ نفسیات  علمی نفسیات  نفسیاتی تجزیہ  ہیومنزم  انتخابی نقطہ نظر  .....،................................  

  Who is G.Stanley Hall? G.Stanley Hal(1846-1924): He established American 's first research laboratory in psychology at John Hopkins University in 1883. Four years later he launched American 's first psychology journel . In 1892 he was the driving force behind the establishment of American Psychological Association (APA)and was elected as his first president. Today the APA is the world largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology with over 155,000 members and affiliates. # introduction of Psychology # history of Psychology  .............                                             جی اسٹینلے ہال کون ہے؟                                    جی اسٹینلے ہال (1846-1924):  اس نے 1883 میں جان ہاپکنز یونیورسٹی میں نفسیات میں امریکی کی پہلی ریسرچ لیبارٹری قائم کی۔ ...

 Psychology comes from two Greek words,psyche, meaning the soul and logos referring to study of subject. Till 18th century it had acquired it's literal meaning "the study of mind" Psychology  intellectual 's parents were the disciplines of Philosophy and Physiology. Psychology is as old as human race but it was only a little over 125 years ago that psychology emerged as a science. Between 1883 and 1893,some new psychological research laboratories sprang up in Us and Canada. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) founder of psychology: He want to make psychology an independent discipline rather than a step child of Philosophy or physiology. In 1879 Wundt succeeded in establishing the first formal laboratory of research in psychology at the University of Leipzig (Germany) Historians have christened 1879 as psychology "date of birth". In 1881 Wundt established the first journey devoted to publishing research on Psychology. In 1874 he declared that the new psychology should ...

  Definition of Psychology : Psychology is a scientific study of mind and behaviour. Why we need to study psychology: Everyone should know about basics of psychology because : 1-It offers vast store of information about issues that concerns everyone. 2:It represents the powerful way of thinking. 3: It is about you and me. Role of psychologists : Psychologists study an enormous diversity of subjects from acrophobia (fear of height) to zoophobia (fear of animals) ,from problem solving in apes to the symbolic language of dreams. They look at the all reasons of human life,from development in the womb to the emotional stages that people go through in the process of dying. They have many parameters and technique to communicate with our conscious and unconscious issues in our daily life  ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔